Real Cases that Caused Real Problems for Associations
4 Things Every HOA Director Must Know
1. Families with children under 18 are protected (They have legal "familial status")
Associations
should not make or enforce rules that treat families with children
differently than families of only adults. Rules that single out minors
such as “Adult-Only Swim Time” and “Children under age X must be
accompanied by a parent,” may well be Fair Housing violations unless you
can prove your rule is specifically related to health and safety. This
applies to all common areas, not just pools. Not sure if your community
rules are correct? Seek legal guidance immediately.
2. Be smart about making accommodations.
When
a request for an accommodation—such as a ramp, service animal or
special parking space—is made by a person claiming a disability or
handicap of any kind, share the request immediately with legal counsel
experienced with Fair Housing laws for review. Never assume that you can
ask residents making these requests questions about the severity of
their disability or details about their medical records. Get legal
advice on how to handle the request. Our experience is that no matter
how well intentioned a board of directors may be, it is very easy to
violate these important laws inadvertently.
3. Let a professional review your community rules.
Now
is the time to have your community rules reviewed by your legal
advisor. Compared to the cost of fines for a Fair Housing Act violation,
the expense of having an experienced attorney review your current rules
and policies is negligible.
4. AMG is here to help.
Since
1985, AMG has helped guide and assist associations with everything from
board training and writing effective policies and procedures to setting
up financial systems and creating connected communities. Contact
Corporate Vice President Spencer Ferguson, PCAM, AMS, CMCA, at (888)
908-4264 or
sferguson@amgworld.com for immediate assistance.
We have qualified managers and connections to expert lawyers and other professionals who can help with FHA and other issues.
About the Fair Housing Act and What It Means for You
The federal Fair Housing Act, passed in 1968, prohibits
discrimination in residential housing based on color, race, sex,
religion and national origin. Over the years, it’s been augmented to
prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability and familial status.
The Fair Housing Act absolutely applies to community associations, and
we’ve found that the Act’s guidance on discrimination based on “Familial
Status” is often misunderstood or overlooked.
Familial Status
- Definition:
one or more individuals who have not attained the age of 18 years being
domiciled with (i.e., living in the same household as) a parent or
another person who has legal custody of such individual or individuals,
or the designee of such parent or other person.
- Law:
It is unlawful to discriminate against a person in the terms,
conditions or privileges of sale or rental of a dwelling, or in the
provision of services or facilities in connection therewith, because of
race, color, religion, sex, familial status or national origin.
Bottom Line
It’s
against the law for you and your association to deny or limit access to
your common areas, swimming pool or any other facilities just because a
household includes one or more children under the age of 18. That means
rules, conditions and policies about use of your facilities should not
be solely age based – for example, “no children allowed.”
About the Americans with Disabilities Act and What It Means for You
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law in
1990. The ADA is one of the United States’ most comprehensive pieces of
civil rights legislation that prohibits discrimination and guarantees
that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone
else to participate in the mainstream of American life—to enjoy
employment opportunities, to purchase goods and services and to
participate in state and local government programs and services.
Are You Covered?
The ADA prohibits discrimination in places of “Public Accommodation”
on the basis of disability and requires that private entities make
alterations if they open their premises to the general public. “Public
Accommodation” as defined in the ADA does not include residential
facilities; therefore, common areas of a homeowners’ association and
common elements of a condominium (such as the clubhouse and pool) are
likely not covered by the ADA
because use is restricted exclusively to residents and their guests—these facilities are not open to the public.
The exemption from the requirements of the ADA would generally not
apply if the Association were to open its common areas, such as the
clubhouse or pool, to use by the general public who are not residents or
guests of residents. For instance, if the Association were to rent the
use of the clubhouse or pool to the general public or host events open
to the general public, then the ADA rules would likely apply.
Bottom Line
When you or your community receives a request for an accommodation,
don’t say no or even ask questions about the requester’s disabilities—some questions can get you in trouble.
Call your legal advisor. While the ADA may not apply, other statutes
may. Be prepared to be reasonable and to make or allow reasonable
accommodations, perhaps even if not required. Always follow your
lawyer’s advice!
Dos and Don'ts of Rule Writing
Following are some rule-writing dos and don'ts that will help keep
you out of hot water, saving your association legal troubles and costly
fines:
Don’t write rules about status or people; for example, rules applying only to children, teenagers, people with disabilities, etc. Do write rules about problem behaviors.
For example, don’t deny children access to the pool or pool area if a parent isn’t with them.
Don’t
outlaw only infants and kids who aren’t potty-trained from swimming in
your pool. (What about adults who are incontinent?) In this case,
do
write policies that require people, in general, who are incontinent or
not potty-trained to wear appropriate waterproof clothing in the pool.
Do create rules that get at the root of health and safety concerns.
Concerned about horseplay, roughhousing, bad language and unreasonably loud noise at the pool?
Don’t refuse access to children and teens. Instead,
do
simply prohibit the unsafe behaviors: running on the pool deck,
profanity, rough play and diving. Be sure to include language stating a
consequence: for example, “violators will be asked to leave the pool and
may lose access, possibly facing suspension of future use by the board
of directors.”
Do watch your words! Don’t use these red flag words:
“child,” “children,” “parents,” “adult,” and any words having to do with age such as “ages” and “years old.”
Do be smart.
Want an adult swim time at your pool? Communities should not have
“adult swim", because it’s a possible FHA violation to restrict only
families or kids. However, you can have times for “lap-swimming” only.
By mandating lap swimming only, you are likely not discriminating
against children or families because they could also swim laps.
As if it weren’t complicated enough, there are state regulations that
seem to contradict the FHA. For example, North Carolina requires
swimming pools operating without a lifeguard to post a sign in a
prominent place that reads: Children should not use the swimming pool
without adult supervision. What should you do: Comply with NC law or
federal FHA law? In many cases, federal law supersedes state law. It’s a
challenge. Protect yourself: Consult your legal advisor for sound
advice.
Don’t risk
making a mistake that could cost your association $100,000 or more...
Call AMG today—we will help you get qualified legal representation,
before it is too late.
Information
contained herein is not legal advice and should not be relied upon other
than as general information, which may or may not apply to particular
circumstances. Association Management Group encourages all communities
with legal questions or concerns to consult with their attorneys for
guidance. If you do not have a legal advisor, AMG can help you retain a
qualified attorney.
For immediate assistance call (888) 515 1477
